Description: Peru: One farmer’s battle against German energy giant RWE | DW Documentary, Peru: Solar Energy Empowering Remote Communities, Peru resource battle: CIA-linked US ambassador talks 'investments' with mining/energy ministers
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Coordinates : 10°S 76°W / 10°S 76°W / -10; -76
Peru ( i / p ə ˈ r uː / ; Spanish : Perú [peˈɾu] ; Quechua : Piruw [pɪɾʊw] ; Aymara : Piruw [pɪɾʊw] ), officially the Republic of Peru ( Spanish : República del Perú ), is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to
Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral , one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima , which included most of its South American colonies. Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence, which was formally proclaimed in 1821. Af