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Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin : cuprum ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity . A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys .
Copper is found as a pure metal in nature, and this was the source of the first metal to be used by humans, ca. 8,000 BC; it was the first metal to be smelted from its ore, ca. 5,000 BC; it was the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, ca. 4,000 BC; and it was the first metal to be purposefully alloyed with another metal, tin, to create bronze , ca. 3,500.
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus , the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum , from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite , malachite and turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copp