Description: How the rise of the Isthmus of Panama helped shape the modern world, How Panama Changed the World, Geography Now! PANAMA, The Bi-Oceanic Corridor to revolutionize South America, Orogeny Geological Formation of North America: 600 Million Years Ago To Present
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Coordinates : 9°N 80°W / 9°N 80°W / 9; -80
Panama ( i / ˈ p æ n ə m ɑː / PAN -ə-mah ; Spanish : Panamá [panaˈma] ), officially called the Republic of Panama ( Spanish : República de Panamá ), is a country in Central America situated between North and South America . It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City , whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's 3.9 million people.
Panama was inhabited by several indigenous tribes prior to settlement by the Spanish in the 16th century. Panama broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Nueva Granada , Ecuador , and Venezuela named the Republic of Gran Colombia . When Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada remained joined, eventually becoming the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of En