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A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups . The term appears to have been first used by Charles Janet . The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same atomic orbital type. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital; thus, the blocks are:
The block names (s, p, d, f and g) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the associated atomic orbitals : s harp, p rincipal, d iffuse and f undamental, and then g which follows f in the alphabet.
The following is the order for filling the "subshell" orbitals, according to the Aufbau principle , which also gives the linear order of the "blocks" (as atomic number increases) in the periodic table: