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Hamburg ( / ˈ h æ m b ɜːr ɡ / ; German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk] , local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ; Low German / Low Saxon : Hamborg [ˈhambɔːx] ), officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ( Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union . It is also the thirteenth largest German state . Its population is over 1.7 million people, and the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighbouring Federal States of Lower Saxon
The official name reflects its history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League , as a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire , a city-state , and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919, the stringent civic republic was ruled by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten .
Hamburg is a transport hub and is an affluent city in Europe. It has become a media and industrial centre, with plants and facilities belonging to Airbus , Blohm + Voss and Aurubis . The radio and television broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk and publishers such as Gruner + Jahr and Spiegel -Verlag are pillars of the important media industry in Hamburg. Hamburg has been an important financial centre for centuries, and is the seat of the world's second oldest bank , Berenberg Bank .