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Lublin [ˈlublʲin] ( Ukrainian : Люблін , Liublin , Yiddish : לובלין Lublin ; English pronunciation: / ˈ l ʌ b l ᵻ n / ) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland . It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship ( province ) with a population of 349,103 (March 2011). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River. Lublin is approximately 170 kilometres (106 miles) southeast of the capital, Warsaw.
Lublin, until the partitions at the end of the 18th century , was a royal city of the Crown Kingdom of Poland . Its delegates and nobles had the right to participate in the Royal Election . In 1578 Lublin was chosen as the seat of the Crown Tribunal , the highest appeal court in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and for centuries the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning, together with Kraków , Warsaw and Lviv .
Lublin was spared from any severe destruction during World War II , which resulted in the preservation of its unique and historical Old Town . The district is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments ( Pomnik historii ), as designated May 16, 2007, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland .