Description: Cắm hoa Creative Wreath by Perry Yang, N-16 煙花菊懸垂式設計 ，cắm hoa ，Creative Suspensive Design by Perry, 木炭與花藝 ，cắm hoa ，New Idea for Creative Floral Design by Perry, N-31 cắm hoa ,flower arrangement,特色創意花藝，Creative Floral Design，v-8
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Hoa ( Chinese people ) refers to a minority group living in Vietnam consisting of persons considered ethnic Chinese ("Overseas Chinese"). They are often referred to as Chinese Vietnamese , Vietnamese Chinese , Sino-Vietnamese , or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the general Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese and other ethnic Chinese. The Vietnamese government's classification of the Hoa excludes two other groups of Chinese-speaking peoples, the San Diu people and the Ngái people . The Hoa constitute
The Hoa were highly represented in Vietnam's business and commerce sector before the Fall of Saigon in 1975. As of 2012 , they comprise a well-established middle class ethnic group and make up a high percentage of Vietnam's educated and upper class . As with immigrant Chinese elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the Sino-Vietnamese are dominant in Vietnamese commerce and business. They are estimated to have started 70% to 80% of pre- fall of Saigon 's privately owned and operated South Vietnamese economy.
HOA may refer to: