Description: Singapore studying feasibility of modular coastal protection system, Singapore to begin S$18m study on protecting city-east coast from rising sea levels, Coastal protection studies for Jurong Island, north-west coast to begin this year
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Coastal management is defense against flooding and erosion , and techniques that allow erosion to claim lands
Coastal engineering , as it relates to harbours , starts with the development of ancient civilizations together with the origin of maritime traffic, perhaps before 3500 B.C. Docks , breakwaters , and other harbour works were built by hand and often in a grand scale. Basic source of modern literature on coastal engineering is the "European Code of Conduct for Coastal Zones" issued by the European Council in 1999. This document was prepared by the Group of Specialists on Coastal Protection and should be used
The Group of Specialists set up in 1995, pursuant to a decision by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, who met for the first time on 6 and 7 June 1996. It noted that a great deal of technical and scientific research had been carried out in the field of coastal protection and that various principles and legal texts had been drawn up. It also noted that all of the work undertaken highlighted the need for integrated management and planning of coastal areas, but that, despite all the efforts al