This is a resume of most common bitwise operations in c/c++. Always useful to have in hand! Extracted from here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47981/how-do-you-set-clear-and-toggle-a-single-bit
number |= 1 << n; Clearing a bit number &= ~(1 << n); Toggling a bit number ^= 1 << n; Checking a bit bit = (number > > n) & 1; Changing the n th bit to x number = (number & ~(1 << n)) | (x << n);
Usually when you download a executable file from internet you want to verify its signature (MDx or SHx) to make sure it is the authentic file and not a hacked version.