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Sakhalin ( Russian : Сахалин , pronounced [səxɐˈlʲin] ) is a large Russian island in the North Pacific Ocean , lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N. It is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast . Sakhalin, which is about one fifth the size of Japan , is just off the east coast of Russia, and just north of Japan.
The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu , Oroks and Nivkhs . Sakhalin has been claimed by both Russia and Japan over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. This has led to bitter disputes between the two countries over control of the island. Russia seized the island from the Japanese near the end of World War II . Most Ainu moved to Hokkaido when the Japanese were displaced from the island in 1949.
The island is known in Russian as Сахалин ( Sakhalin ). In Chinese , it is known as Kuye ( simplified Chinese : 库页 ; traditional Chinese : 庫頁 ; pinyin : Kùyè ). In Japanese , it is known as Karafuto ( 樺太 ) or, borrowing the Russian appellation, as Saharin ( サハリン ) . The spelling Saghalien may be found in historical texts.